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Termites going through incomplete metamorphosis on the road to becoming alates form a subcaste in certain species of termite, functioning as potential supplementary reproductives. These supplementary reproductives only grow into primary reproductives upon the death of a king or queen, or when the primary reproductives are separated out of the colony.6676 Supplementaries have the ability to replace a deceased principal reproductive, and there can also be more than a single supplementary within a colony.53 Some queens have the capacity to change from sexual reproduction to asexual reproduction.

The neotropical termite Embiratermes neotenicus and several other associated species produce colonies that contain a primary king accompanied with a primary queen or by up to 200 neotenic queens which had originated via thelytokous parthenogenesis of a founding primary queen.79 The form of parthenogenesis probably employed maintains heterozygosity in the passage of the genome from mom to daughter, thus avoiding inbreeding depression. .

Termites are detritivores, consuming dead plants at any degree of decomposition. They also play a vital role in the ecosystem by recycling waste material like dead timber, faeces and plants.8182 Many species consume cellulose, having a specialised midgut that breaks down the fiber.83 Termites are considered to be a significant source (11 percent ) of atmospheric methane, one of the prime greenhouse gases, produced from the breakdown of cellulose.84 Termites depend mainly upon symbiotic protozoa (metamonads) and other germs such as flagellate protists in their bowels to digest the cellulose to them, allowing them to absorb the end products for their own use.8586 Gut protozoa, for example Trichonympha, in turn, rely on symbiotic bacteria embedded on their surfaces to create a number of the necessary digestive enzymes.

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The flagellates have been lost in Termitidae.878889 Scientists' understanding of the relationship between the termite digestive tract and the microbial endosymbionts is still rudimentary; what's true in most termite species, however, is that the employees feed the different members of the colony with substances derived from the digestion of plant material, either from the mouth or this website anus.54 Judging from closely related bacterial species, it is strongly assumed that the termites' and cockroach's gut microbiota derives from their dictyopteran ancestors.90.

Certain species such as Gnathamitermes tubiformans have seasonal food habits. As an instance, they may preferentially consume Red three-awn (Aristida longiseta) during the summer, Buffalograss (Buchloe dactyloides) from May to August, and blue grama Bouteloua gracilis during spring, summer and autumn. Colonies of G. tubiformans consume less food in spring than they do during autumn when their feeding activity is high.91.

Numerous woods differ in their susceptibility to termite attack; the differences are attributed to these factors as moisture content, hardness, and resin and lignin content. In one study, the drywood termite Cryptotermes brevis strongly preferred poplar and walnut forests to other forests that were generally rejected by the termite colony.

Some species of termite practice fungiculture. They maintain that a"garden" of specialised fungi of genus Termitomyces, that can be nourished from the excrement of these insects. When the fungi are eaten, their spores pass undamaged through the intestines of the termites to complete the cycle by germinating in the fresh faecal pellets.9394 Molecular evidence suggests that the household Macrotermitinae developed agriculture roughly 31 million years ago.

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Originally living in the rainforest, fungus farming allowed them to colonise the African savannah and other new environments, eventually expanding into Asia.95.

Depending on their feeding habits, termites are placed into two groups: the lower termites and higher termites. The reduced vases predominately feed on timber. As wood is difficult to digest, termites prefer to consume fungus-infected timber since it's easier to digest and the fungi are high in protein. Meanwhile, the higher termites consume a wide variety of substances, including faeces, humus, bud, leaves and roots.96 The intestine in the lower weeds contains many species of bacteria along with protozoa, while the higher termites only have a few species of bacteria with no protozoa.97.

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Termites are consumed by a vast array of predators. One termite species alone, Hodotermes mossambicus, has been found in the stomach contents of 65 creatures and 19 mammals.98 Arthropods like ants,99100 centipedes, cockroaches, crickets, dragonflies, scorpions and spiders,101 reptiles like lizards,102 and amphibians such as frogs103 and toads consume termites, with 2 spiders in the family Ammoxenidae being specialist termite predators.104106 Other predators include aardvarks, aardwolves, anteaters, bats, bears, bilbies, many birds, echidnas, foxes, galagos, numbats, mice and pangolins.104107108109 The aardwolf is an insectivorous mammal that primarily feeds on termites; it finds its own food by sound and also by detecting the scent secreted by the soldiers; a single aardwolf is capable of consuming thousands of termites in a single night by using its long, sticky tongue.110111 Sloth bears break open mounds to consume the nest mates, while chimpanzees have grown tools to"fish" termites from their nest.

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